Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bacteria are considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are made of cells and carry out all characteristics of life, including using energy, responding to stimuli, growing, reproducing, and containing DNA.

Question 2

A student designs an experiment to test whether a new fertilizer increases plant growth. Which of the following is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used

Question 3

Which process allows plants to convert sunlight into chemical energy, and what is the general equation for this process?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis; $$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 4

A population of mosquitoes on campus becomes resistant to a common pesticide. Which evolutionary process best explains why resistant mosquitoes become more common?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 6

A scientist observes that a green film is growing on stadium steps. She hypothesizes that the film is a photosynthetic organism. Which experiment would best test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Expose samples of the film to different amounts of light while keeping water and temperature constant, then measure growth.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes why viruses are not considered alive?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce or carry out metabolism on their own and must use a host cell to reproduce.

Question 8

Place the following levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest: organ, cell, tissue, organ system.

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 9

Which domain contains only prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 10

A football player overheats during practice and cannot cool down. Which biological process is failing, and what is the potential consequence?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is failing; the body cannot maintain a stable internal temperature, which can cause dangerous overheating.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates inductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Observing that all swans you have seen are white and concluding that all swans are white.

Question 12

A nutrition researcher at LSU tests whether energy drinks increase heart rate. Why is it important to keep factors like age, caffeine tolerance, and activity level controlled?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that only the effect of the energy drink is measured and other factors do not influence the results.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A polar bear’s thick fur helps it survive in cold environments.

Question 14

Which two parts make up the scientific name of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Genus and species

Question 15

A crawfish population in Louisiana wetlands shows new color variations. Which sequence best explains how these variations could become common?

Accepted Answer

Mutations create new colors; if a color helps survival or reproduction, natural selection increases its frequency.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A well-supported and well-tested explanation that can be tested by experiments.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why understanding biology is important for non-science majors?

Accepted Answer

It helps people make informed decisions about health, food, and the environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Sweating to cool down when your body temperature rises.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Life on Earth — Study Guide

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