Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an observation that can be supported or refuted through experimentation.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a plant grows taller when exposed to more sunlight. She proposes that increasing sunlight increases plant growth. What is the next step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method, as illustrated by the desk lamp scenario?

Accepted Answer

Make an observation → Ask a question → Formulate a hypothesis and make a prediction → Design and conduct an experiment → Collect and interpret data → Draw conclusions → Peer review and publish

Question 4

In the motorcycle example, which statement represents a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

All motorcycles stop working when they run out of gas, so adding gas allows them to work again.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the cell theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All cells arise spontaneously.

Question 6

In an experiment testing the effect of water on plant growth, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of water given to the plants

Question 7

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on tomato plant yield. She gives one group of plants the new fertilizer and another group no fertilizer. The group with no fertilizer serves as:

Accepted Answer

A negative control group

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

Cells are made of simple molecules, but when organized together, these molecules can perform living functions.

Question 9

At which level of the organizational hierarchy does life first emerge?

Accepted Answer

The cellular level

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

The ability to establish a constant internal temperature.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Salt concentration in blood remains relatively steady, regardless of a person’s diet.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

It requires genetic variation, selective pressure from the environment, and involves differential reproductive success.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

After several unusually cold winters, squirrels with an extra layer of fat have more offspring.

Question 14

Evolution through natural selection will occur most rapidly for populations of plants that:

Accepted Answer

Reproduce sexually and live in an unstable environment.

Question 15

Which of the following options has the correct order in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism

Question 16

Which of the following statements about evolution by natural selection is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It explains how an ecosystem decays over time.

Question 17

A scientist is testing a new drug. She gives one group a sugar pill and another group the drug. The sugar pill group is expected to show no effect. What is this group called?

Accepted Answer

Negative control

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable that is manipulated by the researcher

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals in the population must be genetically identical.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity

Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology and the Scientific Method

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