Question 1

Which of the following best describes the significance of Darwin's observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle?

Accepted Answer

He observed that species vary globally, locally, and over time, leading him to propose natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The flipper of a whale and the human arm

Question 3

A paleontologist discovers a fossil in a lower stratum of sedimentary rock. According to the principle of superposition, what can be inferred about this fossil?

Accepted Answer

It is likely older than fossils found in higher strata.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the evolution of pesticide resistance in insect populations?

Accepted Answer

Resistant insects survive and reproduce, passing on their resistance genes to the next generation.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is acting on the population.

Question 6

If the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of allele $$a is$$ $$q = 0.3 in a $$population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa$$)?

$$	ext{(Recall: } p^2$ + 2pq + q^2$ = 1 	ext{)}$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths changes color over generations to better blend into their environment, increasing their survival.

Question 8

The evolution of the modern-day humpback whale from land-dwelling ancestors is best supported by which line of evidence?

Accepted Answer

The presence of homologous limb bones in whales and terrestrial mammals.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fossils is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fossils provide direct evidence of past life and evolutionary transitions.

Question 10

A scientist finds a mosquito preserved in amber (tree resin). What type of fossilization is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Encased resin fossil

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the concept of common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

All organisms share a single ancestor at some point in evolutionary history.

Question 12

Which of the following would violate the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow due to migration

Question 13

A population of insects is exposed to a new pesticide. After several generations, most of the population is resistant. Which evolutionary mechanism is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 15

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of the recessive phenotype ($$aa) is$$ $$0.16$$, what is the frequency of the dominant allele ($$A$$)?

$$	ext{(Recall: } q^2$ = 0.16,\ q = \sqrt{0.16},\ p + q = 1 	ext{)}$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.6$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why homologous structures are evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They indicate that different species share a common ancestor.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

Estimating the frequency of carriers for cystic fibrosis in a human population.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a line of evidence supporting the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

The absence of any genetic similarities among living organisms.

Question 19

A scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of two species and finds many similarities. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?

Accepted Answer

They likely share a recent common ancestor.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a cast fossil?

Accepted Answer

A fossil formed when minerals fill a mold left by an organism, creating a replica of its shape.

Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드