Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, while eukaryotes possess a nucleus.

Question 2

Which component is unique to the cell walls of most bacteria and is targeted by many antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differ in their cell wall structure. Which statement correctly describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane.

Question 4

Which structure allows bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions such as high heat or desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 5

A scientist discovers a prokaryote living in a hot spring with temperatures above 80°C and high salt concentrations. To which domain is this organism most likely to belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 6

Which process describes the direct transfer of DNA between two prokaryotic cells via a temporary connection called a 'mating bridge'?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 7

Which nutritional mode describes a prokaryote that uses light as an energy source but must ingest organic compounds for its carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph

Question 8

Why do prokaryotes evolve rapidly compared to eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They have short generation times and accumulate mutations quickly.

Question 9

Which mechanism of genetic recombination in prokaryotes involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 10

A hospital is experiencing an outbreak of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Which feature of prokaryotes most directly contributes to the rapid spread of resistance genes among different species?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 11

Which equation best represents the exponential growth of a bacterial population under ideal conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$N_t = N_0$ e$$^{rt}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a biological role of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of cellulose in plant cell walls

Question 13

Which statement about plasmids in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can carry antibiotic resistance genes.

Question 14

Which process involves viruses transferring genetic material from one prokaryote to another?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which of the following best explains how this resistance can spread to other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of resistance genes via plasmids through conjugation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of most prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region

Question 17

Which structure enables bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, contributing to their ability to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 18

Which of the following is a major reason why antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance genes can be rapidly spread among bacteria via horizontal gene transfer.

Question 19

Which nutritional mode is most common among bacteria found in the human gut?

Accepted Answer

Chemoheterotroph

Question 20

Which of the following statements about Archaea is correct?

Accepted Answer

Archaea are known for inhabiting extreme environments such as high salinity and temperature.

Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea – Structure, Function, and Diversity

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