Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is favored in changing or unpredictable environments?

Accepted Answer

It generates substantial genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis.

Question 2

A marine species releases eggs and sperm into the water simultaneously, increasing the likelihood of fertilization. What is this reproductive strategy called, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Broadcast spawning; originally a reference to scattering seeds widely in agriculture.

Question 3

Which of the following is a requirement for external fertilization in animals?

Accepted Answer

Aquatic or moist environment, synchronized gamete release, and high gamete density.

Question 4

In the female reproductive system, which structure is responsible for secreting progesterone to stabilize the uterine lining after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Question 5

Which sequence correctly traces the path of sperm from formation to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

Question 6

During spermatogenesis, which cells are constantly replenished by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogonia

Question 7

How many functional sperm cells are produced from one primary spermatocyte after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 8

Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation in the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

A contraceptive method thickens cervical mucus, suppresses ovulation, and alters the uterine lining. Which hormone is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Progestin

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fast block to polyspermy during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the egg membrane due to sodium ion influx, creating an electrical barrier.

Question 11

Which structure in the blastocyst will eventually form the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Trophoblast

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

A female begins menstruation at age 12 and continues for 40 years, with an average of 12 cycles per year. Approximately how many secondary oocytes will she produce in her lifetime? Use the formula $$	ext{Total ovulations} = 	ext{Years} 	imes 	ext{Cycles per year}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$12 	imes 40 = 480$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a similarity between tubal ligation and vasectomy?

Accepted Answer

Both are surgical sterilization procedures that do not affect hormone levels or sexual function.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of Leydig cells in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of testosterone.

Question 16

During oogenesis, what is the stage of the oocyte at birth?

Accepted Answer

Primary oocyte arrested in prophase I

Question 17

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the regeneration and thickening of the endometrial lining under the influence of estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Question 18

Which structure in the male reproductive system neutralizes acidic urine remaining in the urethra before ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Bulbourethral gland

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible negative side effect of hormone-based contraceptives?

Accepted Answer

Breast tenderness and mood changes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Alteration of the egg’s outer layer to prevent multiple sperm from fertilizing the same egg.

Chapter 36: Reproduction and Development – Guided Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드