Question 1

Which of the following best defines a biological community?

Accepted Answer

All the populations of organisms living close enough together for potential interaction in a particular area.

Question 2

Interspecific competition occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Two different species compete for the same limited resource.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A bee pollinating a flower while collecting nectar.

Question 4

What is the main abiotic factor that distinguishes primary from secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

The presence of soil.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A species whose impact on its community is larger than its biomass or abundance indicates.

Question 6

Why do plants often produce chemical toxins?

Accepted Answer

To defend against herbivores.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a typical adaptation for predator avoidance in prey species?

Accepted Answer

Increased reproductive rate

Question 8

In a food chain, which of the following correctly lists the order of trophic levels from lowest to highest?

Accepted Answer

Producers → Primary consumers → Secondary consumers → Tertiary consumers

Question 9

Which of the following statements about energy flow in ecosystems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Only about 10% of the energy at each trophic level is available to the next level.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen ($$N_2) $$into a form usable by plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 11

A field of corn can support more human vegetarians than meat-eaters because:

Accepted Answer

Energy is lost at each trophic level, so eating plants is more efficient.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the phosphorus cycle?

Accepted Answer

It depends on the weathering of rock to release phosphate ions.

Question 13

Rapid eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Excess nutrient input, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Accepted Answer

A food chain is a linear sequence of energy transfer, while a food web is a network of interconnected food chains.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of coevolution?

Accepted Answer

A plant evolving toxins and an insect evolving resistance to those toxins.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of removing a keystone species from a community?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of community structure and decreased species diversity.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They break down dead organic material and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely effect of invasive species on native communities?

Accepted Answer

Displacement and decline of native species.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents net primary production ($$NPP) in an $$ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

$$NPP = GPP - R$$

Question 20

Which of the following ecosystem services is provided by wetlands?

Accepted Answer

Buffering coastal populations against tidal waves and hurricanes.

Chapter 37: Communities and Ecosystems – Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions

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