Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly explains its ability to form a large variety of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its four valence electrons allow it to form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms

Question 2

Stanley Miller’s classic experiment was significant because it demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules could form abiotically under early-Earth-like conditions

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon skeletons can vary?

Accepted Answer

Number of nitrogen atoms attached

Question 4

Hydrocarbons are important in biology because they:

Accepted Answer

Can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of atoms

Question 6

Why are enantiomers important in the pharmaceutical industry?

Accepted Answer

One enantiomer of a drug may be biologically active while its mirror image is not

Question 7

Which functional group is written as $$-OH$$ and is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 8

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of which three components?

Accepted Answer

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the basis for all biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecules

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to act as an acid by donating a hydrogen ion ($$H^+) in $$solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 11

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ can exist as glucose or fructose. These two molecules are:

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ATP hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used by the cell

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the valence of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen typically forms 3 covalent bonds

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

They have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements

Question 15

A pharmaceutical company is testing two enantiomers of a new drug. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

One enantiomer may be effective while the other is inactive or harmful

Question 16

Which functional group is characteristic of amino acids and acts as a base by accepting $$H^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are a major component of fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

They contain many nonpolar covalent bonds that store large amounts of energy

Question 18

Which of the following is true about functional groups in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are the components most commonly involved in chemical reactions and give molecules their unique properties

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and releases energy for many cellular reactions

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be amphipathic (having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions)?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid with a phosphate group and hydrocarbon tails

Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life – Study Notes

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