Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is a strong structural material in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Its B-1,4-glycosidic linkages allow for linear strands with hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a carbohydrate polymer in the exoskeleton of a newly found insect species. Which monomer and linkage would you expect to find in this polymer?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylglucosamine monomers joined by B-1,4-glycosidic linkages

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the photosynthetic process by which plants store energy in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O + $$sunlight \rightarrow (CH_2O)_n + $$O_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

B-1,4-glycosidic linkages are found in cellulose and are difficult to hydrolyze.

Question 5

Which property of carbohydrates makes them effective for energy storage compared to carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have more C-H and C-C bonds, which have high potential energy.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing glycogen in animal cells to release glucose?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 7

A patient is unable to digest dietary fiber efficiently. Which structural feature of fiber-forming carbohydrates is most likely responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Presence of B-1,4-glycosidic linkages that most enzymes cannot hydrolyze

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose sugars have the carbonyl group at the end, while ketose sugars have it in the middle.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 10

Which of the following polysaccharides is found in bacterial cell walls and contains peptide bonds between adjacent strands?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 11

Which carbohydrate is most likely to be found as a branched polymer in animal cells, and what type of linkage creates the branches?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; a-1,6-glycosidic linkage

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are key molecules in cell-cell recognition and signaling.

Question 13

Which process describes the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Condensation reaction forming a glycosidic linkage

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Serving as precursors to nucleotides and amino acids

Question 15

Which of the following statements about starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of a-glucose monomers and can be branched or unbranched.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why most animals cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains B-1,4-glycosidic linkages and most animals lack the necessary enzymes to hydrolyze them.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the reaction that occurs when a cell uses glucose to make ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_2O)_n + O_2$ + ADP + P_i \rightarrow CO_2$ + H_2O + ATP$$

Question 18

Which of the following structural features distinguishes galactose from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Galactose has a different spatial arrangement of hydroxyl groups compared to glucose.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Chapter 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates – Structure and Function

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