Q: A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$eta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.

Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{sunlight} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.

Question 2

Which formula represents the general structure of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 3

Glucose and fructose both have the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. What term describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

They are structural isomers.

Question 4

Which of the following polysaccharides is primarily used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$eta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.

Question 6

Which process describes the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration reaction forming a glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which carbohydrate is a key component of plant cell walls and provides structural support?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 8

What is the main function of carbohydrates in cell identity?

Accepted Answer

They are attached to proteins and lipids on the cell surface, forming glycoproteins and glycolipids for cell recognition.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the complementary nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 11

A blood sample is analyzed and found to have a unique glycolipid on the surface of red blood cells. What is the biological significance of this finding?

Accepted Answer

It determines the individual's ABO blood group, which is important for blood transfusions.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why dietary fiber is important for digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides like cellulose form dietary fiber, which cannot be digested and helps regulate bowel movements.

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 14

What type of bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between $$eta-$$glucose and $$	ext{α}-$$glucose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 in the ring structure.

Question 16

A scientist is studying a polysaccharide that forms parallel strands joined by hydrogen bonds. Which polysaccharide is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage, structural support, and cell identity

Question 18

During cellular respiration, the energy stored in glucose is used to produce ATP. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 + 30ADP + 30P_i \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 30ATP$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about peptidoglycan is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls.

Chapter 5: Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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