Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small building blocks that are joined by dehydration synthesis to form polymers, which can be broken down by hydrolysis.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide and a molecule of water

Question 4

Which chemical formula best represents a typical monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 7

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural difference between these two polysaccharides explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has beta ($$\beta) $$glycosidic linkages, while starch has alpha ($$\alpha) $$glycosidic linkages.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, allowing it to form bilayers that make up cell membranes.

Question 9

During the digestion of carbohydrates, which type of reaction breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 11

A mutation causes a protein to lose its three-dimensional structure. Which process has most likely occurred, and what is the consequence for the protein's function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its function due to the loss of its specific shape.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why animals store energy as glycogen rather than as glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is less reactive and more stable than glucose, making it safer for storage.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not true polymers because they are not made from repeating monomer units.

Question 14

A triglyceride is formed by the reaction of which molecules?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha ($$\alpha) $$and beta ($$\beta) $$glucose in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Alpha ($$\alpha) $$glucose forms starch, while beta ($$\beta) $$glucose forms cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

High fever can cause enzymes in the human body to lose their function, leading to metabolic failure.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the spontaneous formation of phospholipid bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange into bilayers with tails inward and heads outward.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy storage and structural support

Question 19

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$. Which type of carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of steroids in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Steroids act as signaling molecules and are components of cell membranes.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

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