Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids do not consist of repeating, similar building blocks (monomers) as seen in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which equation correctly represents the dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules to form maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 3

Which type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during the synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 4

Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. What structural difference allows cellulose to function as a structural polysaccharide in plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains beta ($$\beta) $$glycosidic linkages, resulting in straight, unbranched chains that can hydrogen bond to each other.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond in a polymer and releasing monomers.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease, which is caused by a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Forming a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 10

A diet high in saturated fats is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which chemical property of saturated fats contributes to this risk?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds, allowing them to pack tightly and form solid plaques in blood vessels.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for the synthesis and breakdown of polymers in cells?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy, allowing dehydration and hydrolysis reactions to occur efficiently.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands forming a double helix.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a phosphodiester linkage?

Accepted Answer

A bond between the phosphate group and the sugar of two nucleotides in nucleic acids.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

High fevers can cause proteins in the blood to denature, leading to potentially fatal outcomes.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between amylose and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose found in plants, while glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose found in animals.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions among R groups

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of hydrolysis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glycogen in liver cells to release glucose during fasting

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the diversity of polymers is correct?

Accepted Answer

A huge variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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