Cellulose contains $$eta-$$glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $$oldsymbol{ ext{α}}-$$glycosidic linkages.

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

It joins two monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which class of biological macromolecules does NOT consist of true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural difference between these polysaccharides explains this?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$eta-$$glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $$oldsymbol{	ext{α}}-$$glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 6

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

It may alter the tertiary and quaternary structure, potentially causing diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have cis double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 9

Which of the following bonds is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 10

A scientist is studying the secondary structure of a protein. Which type of bond is primarily responsible for stabilizing this structure?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone constituents

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Serving as fuel and building material

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands forming a double helix.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 14

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its native structure and becomes biologically inactive.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specialized proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex.

Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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