Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main disadvantage of using electron microscopes in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

They require cells to be killed and fixed, preventing observation of living processes.

Question 2

Which organelle is typically the smallest isolated during cell fractionation after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of their DNA. Where is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleoid region

Question 4

Why are cells generally small? Use the concept of surface area-to-volume ratio to explain.

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

The nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells consists of how many lipid bilayers?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 8

Proteins synthesized by ribosomes bound to the rough ER are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be secreted from the cell or inserted into membranes

Question 9

After a transport vesicle from the rough ER fuses with the Golgi apparatus, which of the following can happen to its contents?

Accepted Answer

They are modified, sorted, and shipped to their final destinations.

Question 10

Which process describes the recycling of cellular components by lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 11

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a defect in which cellular organelle, leading to the accumulation of undigested lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

Which type of vacuole is responsible for pumping excess water out of certain protist cells?

Accepted Answer

Contractile vacuole

Question 13

Which of the following best explains how microvilli in intestinal cells facilitate exchange of materials?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli increase the cell's surface area, enhancing absorption of nutrients.

Question 14

If a cell's dimensions increase, what happens to its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the surface area of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 6l^2$

Question 16

Which of the following equations gives the volume of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$V = l^3$

Question 17

Which two domains consist of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion or use within the cell

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for intracellular digestion of particles engulfed by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins destined for secretion or for membranes.

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Study Guide and Key Concepts

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