Question 1

Which of the following microscopy techniques would be most appropriate for observing the dynamic movement of mitochondria within a living cell?

Accepted Answer

Confocal light microscopy

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the surface structure of pollen grains at very high resolution. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 3

Which statement best explains why electron microscopes have higher resolution than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes use shorter wavelengths than visible light

Question 4

If the minimum resolution of a light microscope is about 200 nm, what is the smallest structure it can clearly distinguish?

Accepted Answer

A mitochondrion (about 1 µm)

Question 5

Which of the following is a limitation of electron microscopy compared to light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy cannot be used to observe living cells

Question 6

A cell is observed to have its DNA located in a region not enclosed by a membrane. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 7

Which structure is found in all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane

Question 8

The plasma membrane is primarily composed of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

A pancreatic cell is specialized for secreting digestive enzymes. Which of the following would you expect to find in abundance in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes

Question 11

Which part of the nucleus is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events for protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA exits through nuclear pores, and ribosomes translate mRNA in the cytoplasm

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of large macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 14

Chromosomes are composed of:

Accepted Answer

DNA and histone proteins

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins

Question 16

A cell increases in size, causing its volume to grow faster than its surface area. What is a likely consequence of this change?

Accepted Answer

The cell may struggle to exchange enough oxygen, nutrients, and waste across its plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between magnification ($$M$$), image size ($$I$$), and actual size ($$A) in $$microscopy?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{I}{A}$$

Question 19

Resolution in microscopy is inversely related to the wavelength used. If the wavelength of electrons is $$0.005 nm $$and the wavelength of visible light is $$500 nm$$, which will provide better resolution?

Accepted Answer

Electrons

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient exchange of materials

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Microscopy and Cell Structure

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