Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions?

Accepted Answer

To allow specialized chemical reactions to occur in separate environments.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

If a mutation prevents the formation of ribosomes in a cell, which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. What is the most likely function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and nutrients

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of materials.

Question 8

During autophagy, which organelle is responsible for digesting damaged cellular components?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which structure in animal cells is composed of glycoproteins and helps coordinate cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 10

A cell is observed under a microscope and found to lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

A freshwater protist uses contractile vacuoles to pump excess water out of the cell. What would happen if these vacuoles malfunctioned?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate water and potentially burst.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 15

Which organelle contains the green pigment chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 16

If a cell's surface area increases by a factor of 4, by what factor does its volume increase?

Accepted Answer

$$8 ($$assuming volume increases as the cube of the linear dimension and surface area as the square)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of motor proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They transport vesicles and organelles along cytoskeletal tracks.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 19

Which of the following cell structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell – Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells

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