Question 1

Which statement best describes the cell theory as presented in Chapter 6?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and all cells arise only from division of preexisting cells.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at a resolution of 10 nm. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

A cell is observed to have DNA in a circular chromosome, lack membrane-bound organelles, and divide by binary fission. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, detoxifying drugs, and storing calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of nuclear shape

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are the result of endosymbiotic events involving engulfment of prokaryotes.

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 10

Which process involves a lysosome fusing with a food vacuole to digest engulfed material?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for chromosome movement during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

Which cell junction in animal cells prevents the passage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 13

Which organelle is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 14

A cell is unable to break down fatty acids and detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of integrins in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They bind extracellular matrix proteins and transmit signals to regulate cell behavior.

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is most involved in muscle contraction and cell movement via pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the endomembrane system's pathway for a secretory protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 18

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are composed primarily of cellulose fibers embedded in polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 19

A researcher observes vesicles moving along tracks within a cell. Which cytoskeletal component and associated motor protein are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules and kinesin

Question 20

Which type of microscopy would be best for visualizing fluorescently labeled proteins in living cells with high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Confocal microscopy

Chapter 6: Cell Structures – Study Notes

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