Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitotic cell division in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 2

Which statement best describes a key difference between cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, which does not involve mitosis, while eukaryotes divide by mitosis.

Question 3

Which two main biochemicals comprise eukaryotic chromosomes, and what is the primary function of each?

Accepted Answer

DNA for genetic information storage; proteins for structural support and regulation

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its definition?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere

Question 5

During which stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

A cell is observed under a microscope with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage is this, and are the chromosomes duplicated or unduplicated?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; chromosomes are duplicated

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate.

Question 8

Which two processes are found in all sexual life cycles?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis and fertilization

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a haploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cell

Question 10

What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes

Question 11

If a diploid cell with $$2n = 8$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete have?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 12

Which two events during meiosis contribute most to genetic variability among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 13

A human egg cell with an extra chromosome is fertilized by a normal sperm. What is the most likely cause of this error?

Accepted Answer

Non-disjunction during meiosis in the mother

Question 14

In a typical animal life cycle, at which stage does meiosis occur?

Accepted Answer

During gamete formation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a tetrad?

Accepted Answer

A group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis

Question 16

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 17

If a plant cell has a diploid number of $$2n = 12$$, how many chromosomes will be present in each spore after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

A gamete receives a maternal chromosome 1 and a paternal chromosome 2

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of fertilization in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a diploid zygote

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes condensing, the nuclear envelope breaking down, and homologous chromosomes pairing up. Which stage is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I of meiosis

Chapter 8 Study Guide – Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Reproduction

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