Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of a molecule into smaller units by adding a water molecule.

Question 2

A cell is observed to have a high number of peroxisomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid metabolism.

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

A woman who is heterozygous for a sex-linked recessive disorder (X-linked) and a man who does not have the disorder have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move voluntarily

Question 7

A population of rabbits in a field has a current size of 200 and a growth rate of 5% per year. Using the Rule of 72, what is the approximate doubling time for this population?

Accepted Answer

$$72 \div 5 = 14.4$$ years

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from a proton gradient.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with Turner Syndrome. Which of the following karyotypes would you expect to find in this individual?

Accepted Answer

45, X

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A large population is drastically reduced by a natural disaster, and the survivors have different allele frequencies than the original population.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote displays a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of mucus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that package and organize DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

Question 14

A scientist observes a tissue sample with multiple layers of flat cells. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations, while genetic drift is the random change in allele frequencies due to chance.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junction proteins in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells, creating a barrier.

Question 18

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why antigenic shift in viruses can lead to pandemics?

Accepted Answer

It results in major changes to viral proteins, creating new viral strains to which the population has little or no immunity.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Comprehensive General Biology Final Exam Review: Key Concepts and Terminology

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