Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate: $$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 2

A woman who is heterozygous for a sex-linked recessive disorder (X-linked) and a man who does not have the disorder have a child. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the bottleneck effect in a population?

Accepted Answer

A natural disaster drastically reduces the population size, leaving only a few survivors whose genetic makeup differs from the original population.

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote displays a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 6

A population of bacteria doubles every 30 minutes. Using the Rule of 72, what is the approximate growth rate per hour?

Accepted Answer

$$100\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A small size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances such as hydrogen peroxide.

Question 10

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is used to break a covalent bond in a macromolecule.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is influenced by several genes.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to polypeptide, folding of polypeptide into protein.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between adhesion junctions and tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion junctions mechanically attach adjacent cells, while tight junctions create a seal that prevents passage of substances between cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A child is born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) due to an extra chromosome 21.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between genetic drift and gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift is random change in allele frequencies due to chance, while gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete mucus to protect and lubricate surfaces.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct calculation for the population growth rate ($$r) $$given a birth rate ($$b) of$$ $$0.04$$ and a death rate ($$d) of$$ $$0.01$$ per year?

Accepted Answer

$$r = b - d = 0.04 - 0.01 = 0.03$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the carrying capacity ($$K) of an $$environment is important in population dynamics?

Accepted Answer

It represents the maximum population size that the environment can sustain indefinitely.

Comprehensive General Biology Final Exam Review Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드