Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of making a protein from DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, which is then translated into protein in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of water that allows it to moderate Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 5

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$broken down into two molecules of pyruvate during glycolysis. Which type of reaction is this, and what is the net ATP yield?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reaction; net yield of 2 ATP

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why x-linked recessive disorders are more common in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release free energy ($$\Delta G  0).$$

Question 8

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. In her experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The type or amount of fertilizer applied

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons and becoming reduced to NADH.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout, allowing lateral movement of components.

Question 11

During photosynthesis, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$oxidized and carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}) is $$reduced.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 14

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to become turgid.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotes typically have a single origin.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a repressible operon in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The trp operon, which is turned off when tryptophan is present

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a mechanism by which genetic variation is increased during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

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