Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells build a cell plate from vesicles, while animal cells pinch in two using a cleavage furrow.

Question 2

A cell is observed under a microscope with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

If a diploid cell with $$2n = 8$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 4

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic variation in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I

Question 5

A woman who is a carrier for a sex-linked recessive disorder (X-linked) and a man who is unaffected have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following best defines a genotype?

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by its alleles

Question 7

A pedigree chart shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 8

Which of the following chromosomal mutations involves a segment of a chromosome breaking off and attaching to a non-homologous chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 9

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATCGGTA-3'$$, what is the complementary DNA strand produced during replication?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TAGCCAT-5'$$

Question 10

Which process is described as 'semiconservative' because each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 11

A man with genotype $$Aa$$ and a woman with genotype $$aa$$ have a child. What is the probability that the child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the codon on mRNA.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why Down syndrome occurs?

Accepted Answer

Non-disjunction resulting in an extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 15

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 16

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr) $$produces what phenotypic ratio in the offspring, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It holds sister chromatids together and attaches them to spindle fibers.

Question 18

Which process occurs during the S phase of interphase?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele is a specific form of a gene.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the control of the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Checkpoints ensure that damaged or incomplete DNA is not passed to daughter cells.

Comprehensive Study Guidance for Biology 121 Exam 4 Review

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