Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction of individual components at a lower level of organization.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major unifying themes of biology?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on the rate of potassium ion diffusion across a membrane. Which type of graph would best display the change in diffusion rate as a function of temperature?

Accepted Answer

A line graph

Question 4

In an experiment, the concentration of a solute in the blood is measured over time during a dialysis treatment. Which graph would best display the change in solute concentration over time?

Accepted Answer

A line graph

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of an independent variable in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of caffeine given to participants in a reaction time study.

Question 6

Natural selection will NOT occur if which of the following conditions is missing?

Accepted Answer

All individuals have identical reproductive success

Question 7

Which level of biological organization is directly impacted by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene causing sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Molecular

Question 8

A researcher is examining how different levels of pollution affect the number of bird species in a given area. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Number of bird species

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of science?

Accepted Answer

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and data analysis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key component of a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 11

In the context of natural selection, which equation best represents the change in allele frequency over generations?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta p = \frac{p_t - p_0$}{t}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a cell to regulate its internal environment through membrane transport.

Question 13

A scientist wants to compare the concentration of a substance in the blood and dialysate at several time points. Which graph would best allow comparison of the substance between the two solutions across time?

Accepted Answer

A line graph with two lines for blood and dialysate

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of biological organization?

Accepted Answer

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form organisms.

Question 15

In an experiment, which variable is manipulated by the researcher to test its effect on another variable?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a control variable in an experiment testing the effect of antibiotic concentration on bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

The temperature at which all cultures are incubated.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of energy and matter in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows through ecosystems while matter cycles within them.

Question 18

A researcher studies the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the diffusion rate of chloride ions through a semi-permeable membrane. Which graph would best visualize the relationship between NaCl concentration and diffusion rate?

Accepted Answer

Scatter plot

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of information as a unifying theme in biology?

Accepted Answer

The transmission of genetic instructions from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The increase in frequency of the sickle cell allele in populations exposed to malaria.

Core Concepts in General Biology: Unifying Themes, Natural Selection, and Scientific Inquiry

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