Q: A scientist is analyzing a nucleic acid sample and finds the presence of uracil. Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond in this molecule?

$$\text{RNA} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Nucleotides}$$

Question 1

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA, as referenced in the meme?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 2

The meme jokes about choosing RNA over DNA because 'it has U in it.' What is the chemical formula for uracil?

Accepted Answer

$$C_4H_4N_2O_2$$

Question 3

If a mutation caused uracil to be incorporated into DNA instead of thymine, what would be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

DNA would be more prone to mutations

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why RNA contains uracil instead of thymine?

Accepted Answer

Uracil is energetically less costly to produce

Question 5

A scientist is analyzing a nucleic acid sample and finds the presence of uracil. Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA} + H_2O ightarrow 	ext{Nucleotides}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a key structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil

Question 7

If a biochemist wants to distinguish between a sample of DNA and RNA, which chemical test would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Test for the presence of uracil

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with U, C pairs with G

Question 9

A mutation replaces all uracil bases in an mRNA molecule with thymine. What is the most likely effect on translation?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will not be recognized by ribosomes

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the complementary base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A + U \rightarrow AU$$

DNA vs. RNA: Key Differences and Biological Significance

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