Q: A food chain in a Minnesota woodland consists of oak trees, caterpillars, birds, and hawks. If the energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels is 10%, and the oak trees produce 10,000 kcal of energy, how much energy is available to the hawks?

$$10,000 \times 0.1 \times 0.1 \times 0.1 = 10$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their non-living physical environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations within a single organism

Question 3

A food chain in a Minnesota woodland consists of oak trees, caterpillars, birds, and hawks. If the energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels is 10%, and the oak trees produce 10,000 kcal of energy, how much energy is available to the hawks?

Accepted Answer

$$10,000 	imes 0.1 	imes 0.1 	imes 0.1 = 10$$ kcal

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar

Question 5

Which term describes a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 6

In population ecology, what does the carrying capacity ($$K) $$represent?

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely by the environment.

Question 7

Which equation best describes logistic population growth?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN \left(1 - \frac{N}{K}\right)$$

Question 8

A population of rabbits in a field grows rapidly at first, but then levels off as resources become limited. This pattern is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Logistic growth

Question 9

Which of the following is a density-dependent factor that can limit population growth?

Accepted Answer

Predation

Question 10

Which reproductive strategy is characterized by producing many offspring with little parental care?

Accepted Answer

r-selected strategy

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the concept of species richness?

Accepted Answer

The number of different species present in an ecosystem.

Question 12

If you are using quadrats to sample plant diversity in a woodland, which step is essential for accurate assessment?

Accepted Answer

Randomly placing quadrats throughout the study area.

Question 13

Which index incorporates both species richness and evenness to measure biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Shannon-Wiener Index

Question 14

Given the following species abundances in a quadrat: 5 oaks, 3 maples, 2 ashes, and 10 elms, what is the species richness?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of interspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

A deer and a rabbit both feeding on grass in the same meadow.

Question 16

Why is competition considered a lose-lose interaction?

Accepted Answer

Both organisms expend energy and resources, reducing their fitness.

Question 17

If a woodland has a Simpson Diversity Index value close to 1, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

High biodiversity with many species and even abundances.

Question 18

Which of the following tree species is native to Minnesota and commonly found in local woodlands?

Accepted Answer

Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)

Question 19

A population of deer in a park has a growth rate $$r = 0.2$$ per year and a carrying capacity $$K = 500. If $$the current population size $$N = 100$$, what is the expected change in population size per year according to the logistic growth equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dN}{dt} = 0.2 	imes 100 	imes \left(1 - \frac{100}{500}ight) = 16$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why biodiversity is important for ecosystem stability?

Accepted Answer

It increases the likelihood that some species can survive environmental changes.

Ecology and Ecosystem Study Guide – General Biology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드