Q: If the average trophic efficiency is 10%, how much energy is transferred from primary producers to secondary consumers in a three-level food chain, assuming the primary producers start with 1000 units of energy?

$$1000 \times 0.1 \times 0.1 = 10$$ units

Q: Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{solar energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Q: Net primary productivity (NPP) can be calculated using which formula?

$$\text{NPP} = \text{GPP} - \text{R}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes secondary production in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The amount of chemical energy in a consumer's food that is converted into new biomass during a time period.

Question 2

A caterpillar eats a leaf, assimilates energy, and grows. This process is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Secondary production

Question 3

In a food web, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Food webs are complex networks of interconnected food chains.

Question 4

If the average trophic efficiency is 10%, how much energy is transferred from primary producers to secondary consumers in a three-level food chain, assuming the primary producers start with 1000 units of energy?

Accepted Answer

$$1000 	imes 0.1 	imes 0.1 = 10$$ units

Question 5

Why are there usually only 3-4 trophic levels in a food chain?

Accepted Answer

Because energy is lost as heat at each level, limiting the amount available to higher levels.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{solar energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 7

Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis and occurs in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major type of consumer?

Accepted Answer

Producer

Question 9

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The total rate at which light energy is captured by producers.

Question 10

Net primary productivity (NPP) can be calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NPP} = 	ext{GPP} - 	ext{R}$$

Question 11

Which biome contributes the largest percentage to Earth's net primary productivity (NPP)?

Accepted Answer

Tropical rain forests

Question 12

Which of the following statements about phytoplankton is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are primary producers that make their own food via photosynthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct hierarchy classification from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 14

Which domain contains the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 15

Homologous structures are defined as:

Accepted Answer

Anatomical similarities due to shared ancestry between closely related species.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

Bat wing and butterfly wing

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 18

According to the biological species concept, which of the following is required for a group to be considered a species?

Accepted Answer

Ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 19

Which process describes the change in a population's genetic composition over time?

Accepted Answer

Evolution

Question 20

Which of the following is a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Variation in traits within a population

Ecosystem Energy Flow, Classification, and Biodiversity: General Biology Study Notes

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