Question 1

Which of the following best describes the dual role of the pancreas in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It functions as both an endocrine gland (secreting hormones like insulin) and an exocrine gland (releasing digestive enzymes).

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with diabetes due to insufficient insulin production. Which of the following physiological changes is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Increased glucose concentration in the blood and presence of glucose in the urine.

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver, and what is the main effect of this process?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose concentration.

Question 4

During a 'fight or flight' response, which of the following physiological changes is NOT directly caused by adrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Increased insulin secretion by the pancreas.

Question 5

A urine test reveals the presence of glucose. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

The blood glucose concentration is abnormally high, exceeding the renal threshold.

Question 6

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions within the body.

Question 7

If a person is frightened, which sequence of events is most likely to occur due to adrenaline release?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, and increased blood glucose concentration.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct match between a hormone and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Insulin – stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver.

Question 9

A person produces 1.5 dm$$^3 of $$urine per day, with a urea concentration of 23 g/dm$$^3. $$How much urea is excreted in a day?

$$	ext{Total urea excreted} = 	ext{urine volume} 	imes 	ext{urea concentration}$$

Accepted Answer

$$1.5 	imes 23 = 34.5 g$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why adrenaline causes an increase in blood glucose concentration during stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Secreting insulin to control blood glucose levels.

Question 12

A person with a malfunctioning pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose concentration and glucose present in urine.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the internal environment in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It includes the blood and tissue fluid surrounding the cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the composition of urine?

Accepted Answer

Urine contains urea, ammonia, sodium chloride, potassium, and phosphate.

Question 15

A person is exposed to a stressful situation, causing a surge in adrenaline. Which of the following is the most likely immediate effect on the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen to muscles.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why glucose appears in the urine of a diabetic patient?

Accepted Answer

The blood glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold, so not all glucose is reabsorbed.

Question 17

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline; prepares the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate and blood glucose.

Question 18

If the thyroid gland is underactive and produces less thyroxine, which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic rate and possible weight gain.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of testosterone in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 20

A person is sweating heavily on a hot day. How might this affect the volume and concentration of their urine, and why?

Accepted Answer

Urine volume decreases and concentration increases because more water is lost as sweat.

Endocrine System, Hormonal Regulation, and Homeostasis in Humans

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