$$\text{Work} = \text{Force} \times \text{Distance}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of energy as it applies to living systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

During photosynthesis, which chemical equation correctly represents the overall process?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 4

Why do most plants appear green to our eyes?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs blue/violet and red light.

Question 5

Which stage of photosynthesis uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle

Question 6

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration in both plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

To convert chemical energy in sugars into ATP for cellular work.

Question 7

Which of the following equations represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$

Question 8

A poison that blocks the electron transport chain in mitochondria would most directly affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

ATP production during cellular respiration

Question 9

Which process allows muscle cells to continue producing ATP when oxygen is scarce?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 10

What is the primary source of mass for a growing plant?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide from the air

Question 11

Which molecule acts as the main energy currency in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 12

During aerobic respiration, where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial fluid (matrix)

Question 13

Which of the following is a by-product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 14

If a yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment, which products will it generate from glucose?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$ and ethanol

Question 15

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a by-product of energy conversions, increasing entropy in the system.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

Question 18

A person eats a meal high in protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Which metabolic pathway can process all these macromolecules to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating work in physics, as applied to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Work} = 	ext{Force} 	imes 	ext{Distance}$$

Question 20

Which molecule is produced during glycolysis and then used in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvic acid

Energy and Life: Core Concepts in General Biology

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