Question 1

Which of the following is a major advantage of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They create compartments for specialization of function within the cell.

Question 2

The nuclear envelope is part of which cellular system?

Accepted Answer

Endomembrane system

Question 3

What is the primary function of the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

Controlling traffic between the cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 4

A protein destined for the nucleus must contain which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear localization signal (NLS)

Question 5

Which process best describes how insulin is secreted from pancreatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 6

During insulin synthesis, what is the role of the signal-recognition particle (SRP)?

Accepted Answer

It binds the ER signal sequence and directs the ribosome to the rough ER.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the modification and sorting of proteins after they leave the ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

What is the correct sequence of events in the secretory pathway for a protein such as insulin?

Accepted Answer

ER → Golgi → Secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane → Secretion

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They possess internal membranes that solve the surface area to volume problem.

Question 10

A mutation in the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of a protein would most likely result in which cellular outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein remains in the cytosol and does not enter the nucleus.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

During insulin synthesis, which event occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Folding of the polypeptide and formation of disulfide bridges

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary origin of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It evolved from the plasma membrane through invagination and specialization.

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a defective SRP receptor. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Targeting of ribosomes to the rough ER for protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 16

Which of the following modifications occurs to proinsulin in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Removal of the C peptide

Question 17

A patient with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome has a defect in which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear lamins

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the ratio of surface area to volume decreases as cell size increases?

Accepted Answer

Volume increases faster than surface area as cell size increases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of defective insulin synthesis or secretion?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

Which of the following steps is required for a secretory protein to be released from a cell?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and the Endomembrane System

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