Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection as proposed by Darwin and Wallace?

Accepted Answer

It is the mechanism by which heritable variation in traits leads to differential reproductive success among individuals.

Question 2

Which evidence from the fossil record most strongly supports the idea that species change through time?

Accepted Answer

Transitional features in fossils that are intermediate between ancestral and derived species.

Question 3

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. After several generations, most bacteria are resistant. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favoring heritable traits that increase fitness

Question 4

Which of the following is a vestigial trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

The tailbone (coccyx)

Question 5

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which equation represents the expected genotype frequencies in a population with two alleles, $$p$$ and $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

Which of the following predictions is made by the theory of evolution via natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Species change through time and are related by common ancestry.

Question 7

Radiometric dating is used to determine the absolute age of fossils. Which process does it rely on?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of unstable parent isotopes into stable daughter atoms

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The forelimb bones in humans, cats, and whales

Question 9

In a population, the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of allele $$a is$$ $$q = 0.3. $$What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why vestigial traits are inconsistent with the theory of special creation?

Accepted Answer

Vestigial traits indicate that species have changed through time and share ancestry.

Question 11

Which pattern did Darwin and Wallace observe that challenged the theory of special creation?

Accepted Answer

Species change through time and are related by common descent.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates mate competition as a driver of natural selection in giraffes?

Accepted Answer

Male giraffes with longer necks win more fights and have greater access to females.

Question 14

Which of the following is a prediction made by the hypothesis of common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Homologous traits will be found among related species.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between typological thinking and population thinking?

Accepted Answer

Typological thinking assumes species are unchanging types, while population thinking emphasizes variation among individuals.

Question 16

Which process is most likely to decrease genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Purifying selection

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution via natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 18

Which of the following is a key insight of Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Individuals in a population vary, and some have higher reproductive success due to heritable traits.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT evidence for species being related by common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Unique, non-homologous traits in all species

Evolution and Natural Selection: Evidence and Theories

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드