Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 2

A population of beetles is exposed to a new pesticide. After several generations, most beetles are resistant. Which evolutionary mechanism most likely explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 3

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, $$p$$ and $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 4

Which type of selection increases genetic variation within a population?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 5

In a population of finches, individuals with either very large or very small beaks have higher fitness than those with intermediate beak sizes. What type of selection is this?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 6

Which evolutionary force is the only one that can create new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 7

A population of snails is isolated on an island. Over time, the frequency of a particular allele changes due to random chance. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 8

Which of the following best defines biological fitness?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive and reproduce, relative to other individuals in the population.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial trait?

Accepted Answer

Reduced pelvic bones in whales

Question 10

Which of the following statements about Lamarckian evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that acquired traits can be inherited.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Darwin's four postulates of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Species evolve primarily through the conscious effort of individuals to adapt.

Question 12

Which of the following would violate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance is a frequent problem in modern medicine?

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection for resistant genotypes in medical labs

Question 14

In a highly inbred population, which of the following is true if there are no other violations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of homozygotes increases

Question 15

The forelimbs of a human and a whale can be considered what kind of traits?

Accepted Answer

Homologous traits

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy?

Accepted Answer

Autopolyploidy arises from chromosome duplication within a single species, while allopolyploidy results from hybridization between two different species.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why herbicide-resistant weeds are more common in fields where herbicides are frequently used?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favors weeds with the resistance allele because they survive herbicide application and pass the allele to their offspring.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of structural homology?

Accepted Answer

Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat

Question 19

Why are the large finches now living on the Galapagos Islands different from the original source population from a nearby island?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is considered the outgroup in the vertebrate phylogenetic tree shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Jawless fish

Evolution, Population Genetics, and Speciation: Study Notes for General Biology

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