Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a hummingbird's wing structure to enable hovering flight

Question 2

A scientist isolates a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a good solvent because it is nonpolar

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Which of the following best explains the molecular basis of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons

Question 6

Which functional group is most likely to act as an acid by donating a proton ($$H^+) in $$aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 7

A molecule with the formula $$C_{16}H$$_{32}$$O_{2}$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded and RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 9

Which property of phospholipids is most important for the formation of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Their amphipathic nature, having both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 10

A researcher adds a solution of enzyme to a mixture of starch and water at body temperature. After 30 minutes, which of the following is most likely to be found in the solution?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides such as glucose

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oil does not mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows one way through ecosystems, entering as light and exiting as heat

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a plasma membrane

Question 14

A scientist discovers a new organism with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. This organism is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are usually solid at room temperature

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The two strands run in opposite 5' to 3' directions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a molecule determines its function

Question 20

A sample contains atoms with atomic number 8 and mass number 18. How many neutrons are present in each atom?

Accepted Answer

$$18 - 8 = 10$$ neutrons

Foundations of Biology: Atoms, Molecules, and Macromolecules

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