Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 2

Which statement best describes reductionism in biology?

Accepted Answer

It is the approach of breaking down complex systems into simpler components to understand how they work.

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity while keeping pH and substrate concentration constant. What type of experiment is this?

Accepted Answer

A controlled experiment

Question 4

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which domain includes organisms that absorb chemicals from extreme environments and lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 6

Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins. Which molecule stores genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows one-way, beginning with sunlight captured by producers and moving through consumers.

Question 8

Matter cycles through ecosystems. Which organisms play a key role in breaking down dead organisms and releasing nutrients into the soil?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The plant grew 5 cm in one week.

Question 10

Natural selection is considered an 'editing process' because:

Accepted Answer

It selects for existing variations that are better suited to the environment.

Question 11

Which statement best explains 'descent with modification'?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the passing of traits from parent to offspring, with changes or modifications accumulating over generations.

Question 12

In a population of finches on the Galapagos Islands, beak shape evolved due to differences in food availability. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the total number of possible genotypes for a gene with $$n$$ alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$$

Question 14

A biologist wants to test the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in plants. She measures the amount of oxygen produced at different light levels, keeping temperature and water constant. Which variable is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Question 15

Which of the following kingdoms contains only multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that ingest other organisms for nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Animalia

Question 16

Which statement about the genome is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of all the DNA and includes all of the organism's genes.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A well-supported explanation of natural phenomena, backed by extensive evidence and experimentation.

Question 18

In the context of natural selection, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on existing variations, favoring traits that are better suited to the environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

The leaves are dark green and waxy.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why energy cannot be recycled in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy is lost as heat at each trophic level and cannot be reused.

Foundations of Biology: Organization, Cells, Genetics, and Evolution

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