Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning in scientific investigation?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to form general conclusions, while deductive reasoning uses general principles to predict specific results.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Inability to reproduce

Question 3

Arrange the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest: molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ.

Accepted Answer

Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ

Question 4

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a control in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Plants that receive no fertilizer

Question 5

Which of the following best defines a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence

Question 6

Which of the following is a unifying theme in biology?

Accepted Answer

Evolution by natural selection

Question 7

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 8

An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 9

Which of the following can you determine about an element by looking at the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Its atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass

Question 10

What is the chemical symbol for the element that is most abundant in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O) is $$the most abundant element in the human body by mass, but hydrogen ($$H) is $$the most abundant by number of atoms. The correct answer is $$O$$ for mass.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between two hydrogen atoms in $$H_2$$

Question 13

Why are hydrogen bonds important to the properties of water?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for water's high specific heat, cohesion, and surface tension

Question 14

A researcher is testing a new drug and wants to ensure her hypothesis is testable. Which of the following is the best example of a testable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

This drug will reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Question 15

Which of the following is the dependent variable in an experiment testing the effect of sunlight on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth of the plant measured in height

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of water's high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

The moderation of coastal climates due to the ocean's resistance to temperature change

Question 18

If an atom has an atomic number of $$8$$ and a mass number of $$18$$, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms

Foundations of General Biology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드