$$\sum \text{mass of reactants} = \sum \text{mass of products}$$

$$\text{Mass number} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises only when individual parts interact at a higher level of organization.

Question 2

Which statement about the scientific method is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Experiments are designed to support or contradict hypotheses, not to prove them absolutely.

Question 3

Which level of biological organization includes both living and nonliving components?

Accepted Answer

Ecosystem

Question 4

Which scientist is credited with the first hypothesis of evolution involving 'use and disuse' and 'inheritance of acquired characteristics'?

Accepted Answer

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 5

Darwin’s concept of 'descent with modification' is best supported by which of the following observations?

Accepted Answer

Closely related species share a common ancestor and show variable modifications.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must survive and reproduce equally

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 8

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons, what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

It has a charge of $$+1.$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a trace element essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not.

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the conservation of matter in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\sum 	ext{mass of reactants} = \sum 	ext{mass of products}$$

Question 12

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 80 grams, how much will remain after 30 years?

Accepted Answer

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 15

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to cohesion

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a structure that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma Theory?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated, transcribed into RNA, and translated into protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life according to the three-domain system?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Foundations of General Biology: Organization, Evolution, and Chemistry of Life

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