Question 1

Which of the following organelles is the primary site for lipid synthesis in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Where in a eukaryotic cell would you expect to find most of the DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of an egg, based on the ingredient list provided?

Accepted Answer

Eggs contain water, amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, and various trace compounds.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the atomic structure of carbon is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Question 5

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the second electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 7

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$reacts with a chlorine atom ($$Cl) to $$form sodium chloride ($$NaCl). $$What type of bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is highly reactive?

Accepted Answer

It has six valence electrons and tends to form two bonds to fill its shell.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules contains a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$

Question 10

Given the electronegativity values $$H = 2.1$$ and $$Cl = 3.0$$, what type of bond is present in $$HCl$$?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between oxidation and reduction in redox reactions?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 12

How many covalent bonds can a nitrogen atom typically form?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water ($$H_2O) is a $$polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their outermost shell contains 8 electrons (except for the first shell, which is stable with 2).

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are shared, donated, or received to achieve stable electron configurations.

Question 16

Which of the following is a biologically relevant molecule where phosphorus forms five covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoric acid ($$H_3PO_4)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number and the identity of an element?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number is the number of protons, which defines the element.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence from smallest to largest in biological organization?

Accepted Answer

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells

Question 20

Which of the following statements about electronegativity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons.

Fundamental Chemistry and Cell Structure for General Biology

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