Question 1

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

An element required in very small amounts for normal physiological functions

Question 3

A sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$

Question 4

Which subatomic particle is directly involved in chemical reactions between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges on opposite ends of the molecule

Question 6

What type of bond connects the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in a molecule of water?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a compound?

Accepted Answer

NaCl (sodium chloride)

Question 8

Which property of water allows a gecko to climb a wall?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals interactions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond

Question 10

Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can be used in medical imaging to track biological processes

Question 11

How many electrons are present in the valence shell of a carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 12

Which of the following best describes what happens to molecules in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed to create different molecules

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms

Question 15

If an atom has 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 7, Mass number: 15

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioactive isotopes in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Using $$^{18}F in $$PET scans to detect cancerous tissues

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has more protons, increasing its ability to attract electrons

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a reactant in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction and is transformed during the reaction

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They form between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom

Question 20

A patient is injected with a radioactive isotope for a PET scan. Which property of the isotope makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

It emits detectable radiation as it decays

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts in Biology: Elements, Atoms, Bonds, and Chemical Reactions

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