Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a fundamental property of life according to the NASA definition?

Accepted Answer

Self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution

Question 2

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for forming the selectively permeable barrier of cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A scientist discovers a new organism that stores genetic information in the form of nucleic acids, uses ATP for energy, and is composed of a single cell. Which property of life is NOT directly demonstrated by this organism?

Accepted Answer

Evolution

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 6

Which biomolecule is most directly involved in the storage and transmission of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 7

A mule is an example of an organism that is alive but cannot reproduce. Which property of life does the mule fail to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Self-replication

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lipids are well-suited to form biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is circular and not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – catalyze biochemical reactions

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Change in the heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular work.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are formed by linking monomers through dehydration synthesis.

Question 16

A researcher is designing an experiment to test the effect of a new drug on bacterial growth. Which of the following is essential for a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Including a control group that does not receive the drug

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a carbohydrate monomer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered the smallest unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest structure that can perform all properties of life.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in cellular response to the environment?

Accepted Answer

Proteins act as enzymes and receptors to mediate cellular responses.

Fundamental Properties of Life and Biomolecules: Introduction to Cells CHP 2

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