Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a property that all living cells share according to the course definition of life?

Accepted Answer

They are always capable of independent replication.

Question 2

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for forming the selectively permeable barrier of cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A mature red blood cell in humans lacks a nucleus and mitochondria. Which property of life does it NOT fulfill?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 4

Which of the following best describes why lipids are well-suited to form biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is circular and not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 8

Which property of life is illustrated by the process of natural selection acting on a population of bacteria exposed to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Evolution

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered fully alive by the course definition?

Accepted Answer

They cannot store or use energy independently.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in living cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide energy and structural support.

Question 13

A scientist discovers a new organism that is membrane delimited, stores and uses energy, and responds to its environment, but cannot replicate on its own. According to the course definition, is this organism alive?

Accepted Answer

No, because it cannot replicate independently.

Question 14

Which of the following is the smallest unit that meets all the properties of life as defined in this course?

Accepted Answer

A cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a cell responding to its environment?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium moving toward a sugar source

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the evolution of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is the change in heritable characteristics of populations over generations.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be hydrolyzed to release energy for cellular work.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property shared by all living things, but NOT by viruses?

Accepted Answer

Ability to independently store and use energy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are formed by joining monomers through condensation reactions.

Fundamental Properties of Life and Cellular Organization

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