Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a property that all living cells share according to the course definition of life?

Accepted Answer

They always contain mitochondria.

Question 2

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for forming the selectively permeable barrier of cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A mature red blood cell in humans lacks a nucleus and mitochondria. Which property of life does it NOT fulfill?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 4

Which of the following best describes why lipids are well-suited to form biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ acid\ 1\ +\ Amino\ acid\ 2 \rightarrow Dipeptide\ +\ H_2O}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is circular and not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 8

Which property of life is illustrated by the process of antibiotic resistance evolving in a bacterial population?

Accepted Answer

Evolution

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered fully alive by the course definition?

Accepted Answer

They cannot self-replicate without a host cell.

Question 11

Which biomolecule is most directly responsible for catalyzing metabolic reactions and responding to environmental changes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is the smallest unit that meets all the properties of life as defined in this course?

Accepted Answer

A cell

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the main energy currency used to power cellular work.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the property of life known as 'information storage and transmission'?

Accepted Answer

A cell transcribing DNA into mRNA to produce a protein.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution in action?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria developing resistance to an antibiotic over several generations.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can serve as both energy sources and structural components.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a mule is not considered a species under the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

It cannot self-replicate sexually because it is sterile.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property that viruses share with living cells?

Accepted Answer

They can evolve over generations.

Fundamentals of Biology I: Properties of Life, Biomolecules, and Cell Types

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