Question 1

Which of the following best describes why lipids are well-suited to form biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Lipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, allowing them to form selectively permeable barriers.

Question 2

Which property is NOT universally shared by all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Having a nucleus

Question 3

A mature red blood cell in humans lacks DNA and mitochondria. Which property of life does it NOT exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Self-replication

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ acid\ 1 + Amino\ acid\ 2 \rightarrow Dipeptide + H_2O}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered fully alive by most biologists?

Accepted Answer

Viruses cannot store or use energy independently.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 8

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing metabolic reactions and responding to environmental changes?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Change in the heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of the property of life known as 'self-replication'?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium dividing to produce two identical daughter cells

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be used to power cellular work.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates can serve as both energy sources and structural components.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property shared by all living things, according to the NASA definition of life?

Accepted Answer

Self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in living cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a mule is not considered a species under the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Mules are typically sterile and cannot produce offspring.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria developing resistance to an antibiotic over several generations

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are composed of repeating monomer units.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of life that viruses do NOT always exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Self-replication without a host cell

Fundamentals of Biology I: Properties of Life, Biomolecules, and Cell Types

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