$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, which process occurs in the nucleus and involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA}. $$What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; introduces a premature stop codon

Question 5

Which of the following modifications is NOT made to eukaryotic mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Removal of exons

Question 6

Why can a gene from a jellyfish be expressed in a pig, resulting in a glowing pig?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is nearly universal among all organisms

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during translation elongation?

Accepted Answer

Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

Question 8

A tRNA molecule has the anticodon $$	ext{GAA}. $$Which mRNA codon will it pair with during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CUU}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is ambiguous, meaning one codon can specify more than one amino acid

Question 10

A scientist uses CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out a gene in mice. What is the most direct result of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

The gene is disabled by introducing a double-strand break and random nucleotides during repair

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why frameshift mutations are often more severe than point mutations?

Accepted Answer

They alter the reading frame, changing all downstream amino acids

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Directly code for amino acids in the protein

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Mouse fur color results from pigment formed by gene-encoded enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

The joining of different combinations of exons to produce multiple proteins from one gene

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ pre-mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ protein

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a possible final product of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons

Question 19

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene most likely affects which process?

Accepted Answer

The initiation of transcription

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why some antibiotics can kill bacteria without harming human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes

ch 17 quiz 4 bio103

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