Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A single muscle cell can contract, but a whole muscle can generate coordinated movement.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a unifying theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

Randomness

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity. She measures enzyme activity at 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C. Which variable is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Question 4

Which of the following best describes why sickle cell anemia persists in populations where malaria is common?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with one sickle cell allele (AS) have increased resistance to malaria, leading to higher reproductive success.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 6

A researcher is comparing the average number of bacteria colonies formed on agar plates treated with different antibiotics. Which type of graph would be most appropriate to display this data?

Accepted Answer

Bar graph

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A testable explanation for an observation, including predictions that can be evaluated by experiments.

Question 8

In the context of natural selection, which condition must be present for evolution to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

There must be heritable variation in traits.

Question 9

Which domain of life includes organisms that have membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 10

A patient has a mutation that causes improper folding of a protein responsible for transporting LDL cholesterol in the blood, leading to increased plaque formation in arteries. Which level of biological organization is primarily disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Molecular

Question 11

A population of mice colonizes a new area with light-colored sand. Over generations, most mice have light fur. Which observation would best support that this change is due to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Predators capture dark-colored mice more frequently, and light-colored mice produce more surviving offspring.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of science?

Accepted Answer

A cyclical process involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and revision based on evidence.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property at the ecosystem level?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient cycling involving plants, animals, and decomposers

Question 14

A researcher is studying the effect of pollution on the number of bird species in an area. Which is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Number of bird species

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why both the A and S alleles for hemoglobin persist in populations where malaria is common?

Accepted Answer

AS individuals have greater reproductive success than AA or SS individuals in malarial regions.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of a control variable in an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

Type of plant used in all groups

Question 17

A scientist collects data on the number of solute molecules that diffuse across a membrane at different time intervals. Which type of graph is most appropriate to show how the number changes over time?

Accepted Answer

Line graph

Question 18

Which of the following best describes why lactase persistence increased in populations with a history of cattle domestication?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with lactase-persistence alleles produced more surviving offspring under dairying conditions, and these alleles were inherited.

Question 19

A researcher wants to compare the concentration of a substance in blood and dialysate at several time points. Which graph type best allows this comparison?

Accepted Answer

Line graph with two lines (one for blood and one for dialysate)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes how natural selection could alter skin pigmentation in a population migrating to a region with lower UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Heritable pigmentation variation → reduced UV creates different physiological costs and benefits among pigmentation variants → some variants are associated with greater reproductive success → allele frequencies change across generations.

General Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide: Unifying Themes, Natural Selection, Scientific Inquiry, and Data Interpretation

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드