Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The coordinated contraction of heart muscle tissue producing a heartbeat.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a unifying theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 3

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting the structure of hemoglobin experiences symptoms at multiple levels of biological organization. Which of the following levels is directly impacted by the mutation itself?

Accepted Answer

Molecular

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases survival is inherited and becomes more common in the population over generations.

Question 5

In the evolution of lactase persistence, which condition is essential for natural selection to increase the frequency of lactase-persistence alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Lactase-persistence alleles are inherited and individuals with these alleles have more surviving offspring in dairying cultures.

Question 6

A researcher is studying the effect of antibiotic concentration on bacterial growth. Which variable should be plotted on the x-axis of a line graph?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic concentration

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A testable and falsifiable explanation for an observation.

Question 8

A population of beach mice living on white sand beaches becomes predominantly light-colored over many generations. Which evidence most strongly supports that this change is due to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Predators capture dark-colored mice more often, and light-colored mice produce more surviving offspring.

Question 9

In a study of sickle cell anemia, which genotype is most likely to have increased reproductive success in regions where malaria is common?

Accepted Answer

AS

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between energy and matter in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Matter cycles through ecosystems, while energy flows in one direction and is eventually lost as heat.

Question 11

A scientist is testing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She keeps pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration constant. What are these constant factors called?

Accepted Answer

Control variables

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue

Question 13

A researcher wants to compare the average number of bacteria colonies on different types of agar plates. Which type of graph should she use?

Accepted Answer

Bar graph

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an interaction at the ecosystem level?

Accepted Answer

Predator-prey relationships affecting population sizes and nutrient cycling.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why both the A and S alleles for hemoglobin persist in populations where malaria is common?

Accepted Answer

AS individuals have greater reproductive success than AA or SS individuals in malarial regions.

Question 16

A student collects data on the number of solute molecules that diffuse across a membrane at different time intervals. Which type of graph is most appropriate for showing how the number changes over time?

Accepted Answer

Line graph

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Question 18

A researcher is investigating the effect of caffeine on reaction time. Which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine dosage

Question 19

A population of humans migrates to a region with lower UV radiation. Over generations, the population's skin pigmentation becomes lighter. Which sequence best explains this change according to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Heritable pigmentation variation, reduced UV creates different costs and benefits, some variants have greater reproductive success, allele frequencies change.

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that causes improper folding of a protein responsible for transporting LDL cholesterol, leading to increased plaque in arteries. Which level of biological organization is primarily disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Molecular

General Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide: Unifying Themes, Natural Selection, and Scientific Inquiry

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