Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to bond with four other atoms, forming diverse structures

Question 2

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 3

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols and is represented by $$-OH$$?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 4

A dehydration reaction is important in the formation of which type of biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polymers from monomers

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogens

Question 6

Trans fats are produced by which process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of cell membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones

Question 8

A peptide bond forms between which two functional groups of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 9

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin, resulting in sickle cell disease. This primarily affects which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for dehydration and hydrolysis reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

They speed up the reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 13

Which polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls and is not digestible by humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

Accepted Answer

Production of trans fats, which are linked to heart disease

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such diverse functions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They have 20 different amino acids that can be arranged in countless sequences

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of collagen, a protein found in connective tissue. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Starch is a storage polysaccharide in plants, while glycogen is in animals

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

General Biology Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry and Biological Molecules

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