Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 2

A radioactive isotope of carbon undergoes decay and contains ________.

Accepted Answer

more neutrons than protons

Question 3

Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. When full, the innermost electron shell of a nitrogen atom contains ________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ________ electrons.

Accepted Answer

$$2, 5$$

Question 4

Which statement best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other.

Question 5

The atomic number of lithium is 3, while the atomic number of chlorine is 17. When LiCl forms, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Lithium donates its single outer electron to chlorine.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Ice is denser than liquid water.

Question 7

What property of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve a wide range of substances because it is a polar molecule with partial positive and negative charges.

Question 8

In ocean acidification, dissolving $$CO_2$$ gas ________ the pH of the ocean.

Accepted Answer

lowers

Question 9

Which functional group consists of a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

carboxyl

Question 10

In a hydrolysis reaction, ________.

Accepted Answer

a polymer breaks up to form monomers; water is consumed

Question 11

Which of the following statements about glucose is true?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monosaccharide that serves as a primary source of energy for cells.

Question 12

In plants, ________ is a storage form of carbohydrate, while ________ is a structural form.

Accepted Answer

starch; cellulose

Question 13

Which statement correctly distinguishes between chitin and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi, while glycogen is a storage polysaccharide found in animal tissues.

Question 14

Denaturation of a protein does NOT affect its function.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 15

A peptide bond forms when the carboxyl group of one amino acid joins with the ________ group of another amino acid in a ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

amino; dehydration

Question 16

The hydroxy group in the R group of the amino acid below is ________, thus this amino acid would likely be found ________ of a cytosolic protein.

$$\begin{array}{c}
\mathrm{H} \quad \mathrm{O} \
\quad | \quad || \
\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH} \
\quad | \
\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{OH} 
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

polar; on the surface

Question 17

Which statement correctly describes the bonds of the tertiary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure involves bonding between atoms of the R groups of the amino acid subunits.

Question 18

Which of the following 'flows of information' is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA to RNA to protein

Question 19

Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in northern Europeans spread so rapidly within the population?

Accepted Answer

It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts and cold winters.

Question 20

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads ________.

Accepted Answer

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

General Biology: Chemistry of Life, Biomolecules, and Cell Membranes Study Guide

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