$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which macromolecule is formed by the dehydration synthesis of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 6

During photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 8

A patient is unable to break down lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of macromolecule is affected?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit specific substrates.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the structure of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 16

Which process converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct product of the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Processes

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