Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through cellular respiration, serving as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effectiveness of a new hand sanitizer compared to soap and water. She measures the number of bacteria on hands before and after washing. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of bacteria remaining on the hands after washing

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve in water

Question 4

Which statement best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why salt is used as a preservative for food?

Accepted Answer

Salt creates a hypertonic environment, causing bacteria to lose water and inhibiting their growth.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins that is selectively permeable.

Question 10

A student adds sugar to water and observes that it dissolves completely. Which property of water does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Solvent capability

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis of water through aquaporins

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates (lock and key model).

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They maintain a stable pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy currency, providing energy for cellular work.

Question 20

A scientist observes that after adding an enzyme to a reaction, the rate of product formation increases. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme lowered the activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed faster.

General Biology: Core Concepts, Cell Structure, and Biochemistry Study Guide

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