Translation will terminate prematurely because $$\text{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

Which property of water is most critical for its role as a solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with polar molecules.

Question 3

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA}. $$What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely because $$	ext{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered the perfect building block for life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and stable molecules.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a template for DNA replication.

Question 7

A protein is denatured when:

Accepted Answer

Its tertiary and secondary structures are disrupted, but its primary sequence remains intact.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of selective permeability in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Glucose enters cells via specific transport proteins, while ions require channels.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows specialized functions to occur in distinct organelles, increasing efficiency.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of a protein losing its quaternary structure?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its ability to function as a multi-subunit complex.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein's tertiary structure determining its function?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme is formed by the specific folding of its polypeptide chain.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

General Biology: DNA Replication, Gene Expression, and Cell Structure Study Guide

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