Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation, and an experiment is designed to test its validity.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major themes of life discussed in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 3

If an atom of sulfur ($$S) $$has an atomic number of 16, how many electrons would you expect to find in its first electron shell?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with ions, surrounding and separating them.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of $$3. $$Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid: Nucleotide

Question 8

A scientist is studying a molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Which of the following best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is amphipathic.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form bilayers in water due to their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrates.

Question 11

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

All levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures could be affected.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell requires a large amount of ATP for its activities.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process by which monomers are joined to form polymers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions, which remove water to join monomers.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms would you most likely expect?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested cellular waste products.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, which can be released for cellular work.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins synthesized in the rough ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification.

Question 19

A researcher discovers a new cell with both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which of the following is the best conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The cell is likely a plant cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize the secondary structure, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets.

General Biology Exam 1 Review: Foundations, Chemistry, Macromolecules, and Cell Structure

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