$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-3}$$ \text{ M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment in biology?

Accepted Answer

An experiment where all variables are kept constant except one, which is manipulated to observe its effect.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major themes of life discussed in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 3

A neutral atom of sulfur ($$S) $$has an atomic number of 16. How many electrons are in its third electron shell?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 4

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 5

Water has a high specific heat and high heat of vaporization. Which property of water is primarily responsible for these characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 3. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ 	ext{ M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein: Amino acid

Question 8

Which type of chemical reaction is responsible for linking monomers together to form polymers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP generation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A scientist discovers a new drug that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Processing, modification, and shipping of proteins to their final destinations

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The bonds in hydrocarbons are nonpolar, so they do not interact favorably with water.

Question 19

Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down waste products and old organelles in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

A cell is observed to have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which of the following statements is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic plant cell capable of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

General Biology Exam 1 Review: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Cell Structure

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